feat(render): 实现动态缩放支持与文本渲染优化

- 为 BoundingBox 类添加获取中心点坐标的便捷方法
- 重构 Mesh2D 悬停提示框绘制逻辑，支持基于摄像机缩放的动态尺寸计算
- 在 ModelRender 中新增带缩放参数的文本渲染方法
- 重写 MultiSelectionBoxRenderer 以适配动态缩放，统一使用像素单位配置
- 优化 ParametersManagement 日志记录方式
- 修复 TextRenderer 字体颜色传递问题
- 更新 TextShader 着色器代码以兼容新的渲染管线和透明度处理

src/main/java/com/chuangzhou/vivid2D/render/ModelRender.java

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
  *   <li>{@link com.chuangzhou.vivid2D.test.ModelTest2} - 进阶模型测试</li>
  * </ul>
  *
- * @author tzdwindows
+ * @author tzdwindows 7
  * @version 1.2
  * @since 2025-10-13
  */
@@ -982,38 +982,23 @@ public final class ModelRender {
         if (shaderList == null || shaderList.isEmpty()) {
             return;
         }
-
-        // 保存当前绑定的着色器程序
         int currentProgram = GL11.glGetInteger(GL20.GL_CURRENT_PROGRAM);
-
         try {
             for (CompleteShader shader : shaderList) {
-                // 跳过默认着色器
                 if (shader.isDefaultShader()) {
                     continue;
                 }
-
                 try {
-                    // 获取着色器程序
                     ShaderProgram program = ShaderManagement.getShaderProgram(shader.getShaderName());
                     if (program == null || program.programId == 0) {
                         continue;
                     }
-
                     program.use();
-
-                    // 只设置顶点坐标相关的uniform
                     setUniformMatrix3(program, "uProjectionMatrix", projection);
                     setUniformMatrix3(program, "uViewMatrix", view);
-
-                    // 设置基础模型矩阵为单位矩阵
                     setUniformMatrix3(program, "uModelMatrix", new Matrix3f().identity());
-
-                    // 设置摄像机Z轴位置
                     setUniformFloatInternal(program, "uCameraZ", camera.getZPosition());
-
                     RenderSystem.checkGLError("setupNonDefaultShaders_" + shader.getShaderName());
-
                 } catch (Exception e) {
                     logger.warn("Failed to setup non-default shader: {}", shader.getShaderName(), e);
                 }
@@ -1353,6 +1338,15 @@ public final class ModelRender {
         defaultTextRenderer.renderText(text, px, py, color);
     }
 
+    public static void renderText(String text, float x, float y, Vector4f color, float scale) {
+        if (!initialized || defaultTextRenderer == null) return;
+        RenderSystem.assertOnRenderThread();
+        Vector2f offset = getCameraOffset();
+        float px = x - offset.x;
+        float py = y - offset.y;
+        defaultTextRenderer.renderText(text, px, py, color, scale);
+    }
+
     /**
      * 获取默认摄像机与当前摄像机之间的偏移量
      *

src/main/java/com/chuangzhou/vivid2D/render/MultiSelectionBoxRenderer.java

@@ -9,57 +9,49 @@ import org.joml.Vector4f;
 import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;
 
 /**
- * MultiSelectionBoxRenderer — 美观版完整实现
+ * MultiSelectionBoxRenderer — 美观版完整实现 (已适配动态缩放 - 边框与手柄)
  *
- * 视觉设计目标：
- *  - 细腻的三层边框（外发光 -> 主边框 -> 内描边）
- *  - 小巧但可见的手柄（角点与边中点略有区分）
- *  - 精致的中心点（十字 + 细环）
- *  - 虚线用于多选边框
- *  - 批处理绘制以减少 Draw Call（尽量在一次 TRIANGLES 调用中绘制多数元素）
- *
- * 注：BufferBuilder 的 vertex(...) 方法签名与项目实现有关，示例中使用 (x,y,z,u) 占位。
+ * 特性:
+ *  - 边框、手柄、中心点的大小都会根据视图缩放动态调整，确保在任何缩放级别下都清晰可见。
+ *  - 所有元素尽可能在一次 GL_TRIANGLES draw call 中完成，以提高效率。
  */
 public class MultiSelectionBoxRenderer {
 
-    // -------------------- 配置常量（可调） --------------------
-    // 尺寸
-    public static final float DEFAULT_CORNER_SIZE = 8.0f;
-    public static final float DEFAULT_BORDER_THICKNESS = 2.5f;
+    // -------------------- 配置常量 (世界单位) --------------------
     public static final float DEFAULT_DASH_LENGTH = 10.0f;
     public static final float DEFAULT_GAP_LENGTH = 6.0f;
 
-    // 视觉厚度分层（更细腻）
-    private static final float OUTER_BORDER_THICKNESS = 2.2f;
-    private static final float MAIN_BORDER_THICKNESS = 0.6f;
-    private static final float INNER_BORDER_THICKNESS = 0.2f;
+    // -------------------- 配置常量 (屏幕像素单位) --------------------
+    // 这些值定义了元素在屏幕上看起来应该有多大
+    private static final float PIXEL_MAIN_BORDER_THICKNESS = 2.0f; // <-- 新增：主边框的像素厚度
+    private static final float PIXEL_HANDLE_CORNER_SIZE = 8.0f;
+    private static final float PIXEL_HANDLE_MID_SIZE = 6.0f;
+    private static final float PIXEL_CENTER_LINE_THICKNESS = 1.5f;
+    private static final float PIXEL_CENTER_CROSS_RADIUS = 7.0f;
 
-    // 手柄与中心点尺寸
-    private static final float HANDLE_CORNER_SIZE = DEFAULT_CORNER_SIZE;
-    private static final float HANDLE_MID_SIZE = 2.8f;
-    private static final float CENTER_LINE_THICKNESS = 1.2f;
-    private static final float CENTER_RING_RADIUS = 5.0f;
-    private static final float CENTER_RING_THICKNESS = 1.2f;
-
-    // 颜色（更现代、更清爽）
-    public static final Vector4f DASHED_BORDER_COLOR = new Vector4f(1.0f, 0.85f, 0.0f, 1.0f);          // 黄色虚线
-    public static final Vector4f SOLID_BORDER_COLOR_OUTER = new Vector4f(0.0f, 0.85f, 0.95f, 0.12f);   // 轻微外发光（弱透明）
-    public static final Vector4f SOLID_BORDER_COLOR_MAIN = new Vector4f(0.0f, 0.92f, 0.94f, 1.0f);     // 主边框（青）
-    public static final Vector4f SOLID_BORDER_COLOR_INNER = new Vector4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.9f);      // 内描边（接近白）
-    public static final Vector4f HANDLE_COLOR = new Vector4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);                 // 手柄白
-    public static final Vector4f MULTI_SELECTION_HANDLE_COLOR = new Vector4f(1.0f, 0.9f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // 黄色手柄
-    public static final Vector4f CENTER_POINT_COLOR = new Vector4f(1.0f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f);           // 中心点红
-
-    // -------------------- 公共绘制 API --------------------
+    // 颜色
+    public static final Vector4f DASHED_BORDER_COLOR = new Vector4f(1.0f, 0.85f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+    public static final Vector4f SOLID_BORDER_COLOR_MAIN = new Vector4f(0.0f, 0.92f, 0.94f, 1.0f);
+    public static final Vector4f HANDLE_COLOR = new Vector4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
+    public static final Vector4f MULTI_SELECTION_HANDLE_COLOR = new Vector4f(1.0f, 0.9f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+    public static final Vector4f CENTER_POINT_COLOR = new Vector4f(1.0f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f);
 
     /**
      * 绘制单选的选择框（主入口）
      *
      * @param bounds 包围盒（世界坐标）
      * @param pivot  旋转中心 / 中心点（世界坐标）
+     * @param zoom   当前摄像机的缩放值 (e.g., from ModelRender.getCamera().getZoom())
      */
-    public static void drawSelectBox(BoundingBox bounds, Vector2f pivot) {
-        if (bounds == null || !bounds.isValid()) return;
+    public static void drawSelectBox(BoundingBox bounds, Vector2f pivot, float zoom) {
+        if (bounds == null || !bounds.isValid() || zoom <= 1e-6f) return;
+
+        // 根据 zoom 计算所有元素在世界坐标下的实际尺寸
+        float worldBorderThickness = PIXEL_MAIN_BORDER_THICKNESS / zoom;
+        float worldCornerSize = PIXEL_HANDLE_CORNER_SIZE / zoom;
+        float worldMidSize = PIXEL_HANDLE_MID_SIZE / zoom;
+        float worldCenterLineThickness = PIXEL_CENTER_LINE_THICKNESS / zoom;
+        float worldCenterCrossRadius = PIXEL_CENTER_CROSS_RADIUS / zoom;
 
         float minX = bounds.getMinX();
         float minY = bounds.getMinY();
@@ -68,44 +60,35 @@ public class MultiSelectionBoxRenderer {
 
         Tesselator tesselator = Tesselator.getInstance();
         BufferBuilder bb = tesselator.getBuilder();
-
         RenderSystem.enableBlend();
         RenderSystem.blendFunc(GL11.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL11.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
 
-        // 估算顶点数：三层边框 + 8 个手柄 + 中心点十字和圆环
-        // 每个四边形使用 6 个顶点（两个三角形）
-        int estimatedQuads = (3 * 4) + 8 + (6 * 4); // 近似估算（保守）
-        bb.begin(RenderSystem.GL_TRIANGLES, estimatedQuads * 6);
+        // 将所有绘制合并到一次 TRIANGLES 调用中
+        // 预估顶点数：4条边*6 + 8个手柄*6 + 中心十字*6*2 = 24 + 48 + 12 = 84
+        bb.begin(RenderSystem.GL_TRIANGLES, 96);
 
-        // 外层发光边框（较宽、透明）
-        bb.setColor(SOLID_BORDER_COLOR_OUTER);
-        addQuadLineLoop(bb, OUTER_BORDER_THICKNESS, minX, minY, maxX, minY, maxX, maxY, minX, maxY);
-
-        // 主边框（核心线）
+        // 1. 绘制有厚度的边框
         bb.setColor(SOLID_BORDER_COLOR_MAIN);
-        addQuadLineLoop(bb, MAIN_BORDER_THICKNESS, minX, minY, maxX, minY, maxX, maxY, minX, maxY);
+        addQuadLine(bb, minX, minY, maxX, minY, worldBorderThickness); // 上边
+        addQuadLine(bb, maxX, minY, maxX, maxY, worldBorderThickness); // 右边
+        addQuadLine(bb, maxX, maxY, minX, maxY, worldBorderThickness); // 下边
+        addQuadLine(bb, minX, maxY, minX, minY, worldBorderThickness); // 左边
 
-        // 内描边（细）
-        bb.setColor(SOLID_BORDER_COLOR_INNER);
-        addQuadLineLoop(bb, INNER_BORDER_THICKNESS, minX, minY, maxX, minY, maxX, maxY, minX, maxY);
-
-        // 手柄（角点与边中点）
+        // 2. 绘制手柄
         bb.setColor(HANDLE_COLOR);
-        addHandleQuad(bb, minX, minY, HANDLE_CORNER_SIZE);
-        addHandleQuad(bb, maxX, minY, HANDLE_CORNER_SIZE);
-        addHandleQuad(bb, minX, maxY, HANDLE_CORNER_SIZE);
-        addHandleQuad(bb, maxX, maxY, HANDLE_CORNER_SIZE);
+        addHandleQuad(bb, minX, minY, worldCornerSize);
+        addHandleQuad(bb, maxX, minY, worldCornerSize);
+        addHandleQuad(bb, minX, maxY, worldCornerSize);
+        addHandleQuad(bb, maxX, maxY, worldCornerSize);
+        addHandleQuad(bb, (minX + maxX) * 0.5f, minY, worldMidSize);
+        addHandleQuad(bb, (minX + maxX) * 0.5f, maxY, worldMidSize);
+        addHandleQuad(bb, minX, (minY + maxY) * 0.5f, worldMidSize);
+        addHandleQuad(bb, maxX, (minY + maxY) * 0.5f, worldMidSize);
 
-        addHandleQuad(bb, (minX + maxX) * 0.5f, minY, HANDLE_MID_SIZE);
-        addHandleQuad(bb, (minX + maxX) * 0.5f, maxY, HANDLE_MID_SIZE);
-        addHandleQuad(bb, minX, (minY + maxY) * 0.5f, HANDLE_MID_SIZE);
-        addHandleQuad(bb, maxX, (minY + maxY) * 0.5f, HANDLE_MID_SIZE);
-
-        // 中心点：十字 + 环（圆环使用三角片段）
+        // 3. 绘制中心点
         bb.setColor(CENTER_POINT_COLOR);
-        addQuadLine(bb, pivot.x - 6.0f, pivot.y, pivot.x + 6.0f, pivot.y, CENTER_LINE_THICKNESS);
-        addQuadLine(bb, pivot.x, pivot.y - 6.0f, pivot.x, pivot.y + 6.0f, CENTER_LINE_THICKNESS);
-        addRing(bb, pivot.x, pivot.y, CENTER_RING_RADIUS, CENTER_RING_THICKNESS, 18);
+        addQuadLine(bb, pivot.x - worldCenterCrossRadius, pivot.y, pivot.x + worldCenterCrossRadius, pivot.y, worldCenterLineThickness);
+        addQuadLine(bb, pivot.x, pivot.y - worldCenterCrossRadius, pivot.x, pivot.y + worldCenterCrossRadius, worldCenterLineThickness);
 
         tesselator.end();
     }
@@ -114,9 +97,17 @@ public class MultiSelectionBoxRenderer {
      * 绘制多选框（虚线 + 手柄）
      *
      * @param multiBounds 多选包围盒
+     * @param zoom        当前摄像机的缩放值
      */
-    public static void drawMultiSelectionBox(BoundingBox multiBounds) {
-        if (multiBounds == null || !multiBounds.isValid()) return;
+    public static void drawMultiSelectionBox(BoundingBox multiBounds, float zoom) {
+        if (multiBounds == null || !multiBounds.isValid() || zoom <= 1e-6f) return;
+
+        // 根据 zoom 计算所有元素在世界坐标下的实际尺寸
+        float worldBorderThickness = PIXEL_MAIN_BORDER_THICKNESS / zoom;
+        float worldCornerSize = PIXEL_HANDLE_CORNER_SIZE / zoom;
+        float worldMidSize = PIXEL_HANDLE_MID_SIZE / zoom;
+        float worldCenterLineThickness = PIXEL_CENTER_LINE_THICKNESS / zoom;
+        float worldCenterCrossRadius = PIXEL_CENTER_CROSS_RADIUS / zoom;
 
         float minX = multiBounds.getMinX();
         float minY = multiBounds.getMinY();
@@ -125,157 +116,52 @@ public class MultiSelectionBoxRenderer {
 
         Tesselator tesselator = Tesselator.getInstance();
         BufferBuilder bb = tesselator.getBuilder();
-
         RenderSystem.enableBlend();
         RenderSystem.blendFunc(GL11.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL11.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
 
-        // 1) 虚线边框（使用 GL_LINES）
+        // 合并所有绘制
         int estimatedSegments = Math.max(4, (int) Math.ceil((2f * (multiBounds.getWidth() + multiBounds.getHeight())) / (DEFAULT_DASH_LENGTH + DEFAULT_GAP_LENGTH)));
-        bb.begin(GL11.GL_LINES, estimatedSegments * 2);
+        bb.begin(RenderSystem.GL_TRIANGLES, estimatedSegments * 6 * 4 + 96); // 넉넉하게 할당
+
+        // 1. 绘制有厚度的虚线边框
         bb.setColor(DASHED_BORDER_COLOR);
-        addDashedLineVertices(bb, minX, minY, maxX, minY, DEFAULT_DASH_LENGTH, DEFAULT_GAP_LENGTH);
-        addDashedLineVertices(bb, maxX, minY, maxX, maxY, DEFAULT_DASH_LENGTH, DEFAULT_GAP_LENGTH);
-        addDashedLineVertices(bb, maxX, maxY, minX, maxY, DEFAULT_DASH_LENGTH, DEFAULT_GAP_LENGTH);
-        addDashedLineVertices(bb, minX, maxY, minX, minY, DEFAULT_DASH_LENGTH, DEFAULT_GAP_LENGTH);
-        tesselator.end();
+        addThickDashedLine(bb, minX, minY, maxX, minY, DEFAULT_DASH_LENGTH, DEFAULT_GAP_LENGTH, worldBorderThickness);
+        addThickDashedLine(bb, maxX, minY, maxX, maxY, DEFAULT_DASH_LENGTH, DEFAULT_GAP_LENGTH, worldBorderThickness);
+        addThickDashedLine(bb, maxX, maxY, minX, maxY, DEFAULT_DASH_LENGTH, DEFAULT_GAP_LENGTH, worldBorderThickness);
+        addThickDashedLine(bb, minX, maxY, minX, minY, DEFAULT_DASH_LENGTH, DEFAULT_GAP_LENGTH, worldBorderThickness);
 
-        // 2) 手柄与中心（合并为一次三角形绘制）
-        bb.begin(RenderSystem.GL_TRIANGLES, (8 + 2) * 6);
+        // 2. 绘制手柄
         bb.setColor(MULTI_SELECTION_HANDLE_COLOR);
-        addHandleQuad(bb, minX, minY, HANDLE_CORNER_SIZE);
-        addHandleQuad(bb, maxX, minY, HANDLE_CORNER_SIZE);
-        addHandleQuad(bb, minX, maxY, HANDLE_CORNER_SIZE);
-        addHandleQuad(bb, maxX, maxY, HANDLE_CORNER_SIZE);
-
-        addHandleQuad(bb, (minX + maxX) * 0.5f, minY, HANDLE_MID_SIZE);
-        addHandleQuad(bb, (minX + maxX) * 0.5f, maxY, HANDLE_MID_SIZE);
-        addHandleQuad(bb, minX, (minY + maxY) * 0.5f, HANDLE_MID_SIZE);
-        addHandleQuad(bb, maxX, (minY + maxY) * 0.5f, HANDLE_MID_SIZE);
+        addHandleQuad(bb, minX, minY, worldCornerSize);
+        addHandleQuad(bb, maxX, minY, worldCornerSize);
+        addHandleQuad(bb, minX, maxY, worldCornerSize);
+        addHandleQuad(bb, maxX, maxY, worldCornerSize);
+        addHandleQuad(bb, (minX + maxX) * 0.5f, minY, worldMidSize);
+        addHandleQuad(bb, (minX + maxX) * 0.5f, maxY, worldMidSize);
+        addHandleQuad(bb, minX, (minY + maxY) * 0.5f, worldMidSize);
+        addHandleQuad(bb, maxX, (minY + maxY) * 0.5f, worldMidSize);
 
+        // 3. 绘制中心点
         Vector2f center = multiBounds.getCenter();
         bb.setColor(CENTER_POINT_COLOR);
-        addQuadLine(bb, center.x - 6.0f, center.y, center.x + 6.0f, center.y, CENTER_LINE_THICKNESS);
-        addQuadLine(bb, center.x, center.y - 6.0f, center.x, center.y + 6.0f, CENTER_LINE_THICKNESS);
+        addQuadLine(bb, center.x - worldCenterCrossRadius, center.y, center.x + worldCenterCrossRadius, center.y, worldCenterLineThickness);
+        addQuadLine(bb, center.x, center.y - worldCenterCrossRadius, center.x, center.y + worldCenterCrossRadius, worldCenterLineThickness);
 
         tesselator.end();
     }
 
+
     // -------------------- 辅助绘图方法 --------------------
 
     /**
-     * 添加一个填充四边形（用两个三角形表示）
-     */
-    private static void addFilledQuad(BufferBuilder bb, float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1) {
-        // tri 1
-        bb.vertex(x0, y0, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-        bb.vertex(x1, y0, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-        bb.vertex(x1, y1, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-        // tri 2
-        bb.vertex(x1, y1, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-        bb.vertex(x0, y1, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-        bb.vertex(x0, y0, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 手柄：以中心点绘制正方形手柄（填充）
-     */
-    private static void addHandleQuad(BufferBuilder bb, float cx, float cy, float size) {
-        float half = size * 0.5f;
-        addFilledQuad(bb, cx - half, cy - half, cx + half, cy + half);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 绘制一条由四边形模拟的线段（厚度可控）
-     */
-    private static void addQuadLine(BufferBuilder bb, float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1, float thickness) {
-        float dx = x1 - x0;
-        float dy = y1 - y0;
-        float len = (float) Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
-        if (len < 1e-6f) return;
-
-        float halfThick = thickness * 0.5f;
-        float nx = -dy / len * halfThick;
-        float ny = dx / len * halfThick;
-
-        float v0x = x0 + nx; float v0y = y0 + ny;
-        float v1x = x1 + nx; float v1y = y1 + ny;
-        float v2x = x1 - nx; float v2y = y1 - ny;
-        float v3x = x0 - nx; float v3y = y0 - ny;
-
-        // tri1
-        bb.vertex(v3x, v3y, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-        bb.vertex(v0x, v0y, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-        bb.vertex(v1x, v1y, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-        // tri2
-        bb.vertex(v1x, v1y, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-        bb.vertex(v2x, v2y, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-        bb.vertex(v3x, v3y, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 绘制一个闭合的四边形线环（用于边框三层绘制）
+     * (新增) 在两点之间生成有厚度的虚线段 (使用 GL_TRIANGLES)
      *
-     * @param thickness 厚度（世界坐标）
-     * @param vertices  顶点序列 x1,y1,x2,y2,...
+     * @param dashLen   虚线长度（世界坐标）
+     * @param gapLen    间隙长度（世界坐标）
+     * @param thickness 虚线的厚度（世界坐标）
      */
-    private static void addQuadLineLoop(BufferBuilder bb, float thickness, float... vertices) {
-        if (vertices == null || vertices.length < 4) return;
-        int n = vertices.length / 2;
-        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            float x0 = vertices[(i * 2)];
-            float y0 = vertices[(i * 2) + 1];
-            float x1 = vertices[((i + 1) % n) * 2];
-            float y1 = vertices[((i + 1) % n) * 2 + 1];
-            addQuadLine(bb, x0, y0, x1, y1, thickness);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 绘制圆环（由多个三角形片段组成）
-     *
-     * @param cx        中心 x
-     * @param cy        中心 y
-     * @param radius    半径
-     * @param thickness 环厚度
-     * @param segments  分段数（建议 >= 8）
-     */
-    private static void addRing(BufferBuilder bb, float cx, float cy, float radius, float thickness, int segments) {
-        if (segments < 6) segments = 6;
-        float halfThick = thickness * 0.5f;
-        float innerR = Math.max(0.5f, radius - halfThick);
-        float outerR = radius + halfThick;
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < segments; i++) {
-            float a0 = (float) (i * 2.0 * Math.PI / segments);
-            float a1 = (float) ((i + 1) * 2.0 * Math.PI / segments);
-
-            float cos0 = (float) Math.cos(a0), sin0 = (float) Math.sin(a0);
-            float cos1 = (float) Math.cos(a1), sin1 = (float) Math.sin(a1);
-
-            float x0i = cx + cos0 * innerR, y0i = cy + sin0 * innerR;
-            float x1i = cx + cos1 * innerR, y1i = cy + sin1 * innerR;
-            float x0o = cx + cos0 * outerR, y0o = cy + sin0 * outerR;
-            float x1o = cx + cos1 * outerR, y1o = cy + sin1 * outerR;
-
-            // tri 1
-            bb.vertex(x0i, y0i, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-            bb.vertex(x0o, y0o, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-            bb.vertex(x1o, y1o, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-            // tri 2
-            bb.vertex(x1o, y1o, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-            bb.vertex(x1i, y1i, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-            bb.vertex(x0i, y0i, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 在两点之间生成虚线段顶点（使用 GL_LINES）
-     *
-     * @param dashLen 虚线长度（世界坐标）
-     * @param gapLen  间隙长度（世界坐标）
-     */
-    private static void addDashedLineVertices(BufferBuilder bb, float startX, float startY, float endX, float endY,
-                                              float dashLen, float gapLen) {
+    private static void addThickDashedLine(BufferBuilder bb, float startX, float startY, float endX, float endY,
+                                           float dashLen, float gapLen, float thickness) {
         float dx = endX - startX;
         float dy = endY - startY;
         float len = (float) Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
@@ -295,8 +181,60 @@ public class MultiSelectionBoxRenderer {
             float ex = startX + dirX * e;
             float ey = startY + dirY * e;
 
-            bb.vertex(sx, sy, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-            bb.vertex(ex, ey, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+            // 为每一小段虚线绘制一个有厚度的四边形
+            addQuadLine(bb, sx, sy, ex, ey, thickness);
         }
     }
-}
+
+    /**
+     * 手柄：以中心点绘制正方形手柄（填充）
+     */
+    private static void addHandleQuad(BufferBuilder bb, float cx, float cy, float size) {
+        float half = size * 0.5f;
+        addFilledQuad(bb, cx - half, cy - half, cx + half, cy + half);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 绘制一条由四边形模拟的线段（厚度可控）
+     */
+    public static void addQuadLine(BufferBuilder bb, float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1, float thickness) {
+        float dx = x1 - x0;
+        float dy = y1 - y0;
+        float len = (float) Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
+        if (len < 1e-6f) return;
+
+        float halfThick = thickness * 0.5f;
+        // 计算线段的法线向量
+        float nx = -dy / len * halfThick;
+        float ny = dx / len * halfThick;
+
+        // 计算四边形的四个顶点
+        float v0x = x0 + nx; float v0y = y0 + ny;
+        float v1x = x1 + nx; float v1y = y1 + ny;
+        float v2x = x1 - nx; float v2y = y1 - ny;
+        float v3x = x0 - nx; float v3y = y0 - ny;
+
+        addQuadVertices(bb, v0x, v0y, v1x, v1y, v2x, v2y, v3x, v3y);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 添加一个填充四边形（用两个三角形表示）
+     */
+    public static void addFilledQuad(BufferBuilder bb, float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1) {
+        addQuadVertices(bb, x0, y0, x1, y0, x1, y1, x0, y1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 辅助方法：添加构成四边形的6个顶点
+     */
+    private static void addQuadVertices(BufferBuilder bb, float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2, float x3, float y3) {
+        // tri 1
+        bb.vertex(x0, y0, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+        bb.vertex(x1, y1, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+        bb.vertex(x2, y2, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+        // tri 2
+        bb.vertex(x2, y2, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+        bb.vertex(x3, y3, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+        bb.vertex(x0, y0, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/com/chuangzhou/vivid2D/render/TextRenderer.java

@@ -196,6 +196,7 @@ public final class TextRenderer {
                 // 按字符类型分组渲染以减少纹理切换
                 int currentTexture = -1;
                 boolean batchStarted = false;
+                builder.setColor(color);
 
                 for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
                     char c = text.charAt(i);

src/main/java/com/chuangzhou/vivid2D/render/awt/manager/ParametersManagement.java

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 package com.chuangzhou.vivid2D.render.awt.manager;
 
+import com.chuangzhou.vivid2D.render.awt.ModelRenderPanel;
 import com.chuangzhou.vivid2D.render.awt.ParametersPanel;
 import com.chuangzhou.vivid2D.render.awt.manager.data.LayerOperationManagerData;
 import com.chuangzhou.vivid2D.render.awt.manager.data.ParametersManagementData;
 import com.chuangzhou.vivid2D.render.model.AnimationParameter;
+import com.chuangzhou.vivid2D.render.model.ModelEvent;
 import com.chuangzhou.vivid2D.render.model.ModelPart;
+import com.chuangzhou.vivid2D.render.model.util.Vertex;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
@@ -20,8 +23,96 @@ public class ParametersManagement {
 
     public ParametersManagement(ParametersPanel parametersPanel) {
         this.parametersPanel = parametersPanel;
+        ModelRenderPanel renderPanel = parametersPanel.getRenderPanel();
+        for (int i = 0; i < renderPanel.getModel().getParts().size(); i++) {
+            ModelPart modelPart = renderPanel.getModel().getParts().get(i);
+            modelPart.addEvent((eventName, eventBus) -> {
+                if (eventName.equals("vertex")){
+                    if (!(eventBus instanceof Map)) {
+                        logger.error("Error: eventBus is not a Map for vertex event.");
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+                    Map<String, Object> eventPayload = (Map<String, Object>) eventBus;
+                    ModelPart caller = (ModelPart) eventPayload.get("caller");
+                    Vertex oldVertexObj = (Vertex) eventPayload.get("oldVertex");
+                    Vertex newVertexObj = (Vertex) eventPayload.get("newVertex");
+                    updateVertex(caller, oldVertexObj, newVertexObj);
+                }
+            });
+        }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 查找并替换一个顶点的关键帧数据。
+     * 它会基于旧的顶点状态(oldVertexObj)在当前选定的关键帧上查找一个完全匹配的记录。
+     * - 如果找到，则用新顶点状态(newVertexObj)的数据替换它。
+     * - 如果没有找到，则调用 broadcast 创建一个新的关键帧记录。
+     *
+     * @param caller 触发事件的 ModelPart
+     * @param oldVertexObj 变化前的 Vertex 状态，用于查找要替换的目标
+     * @param newVertexObj 变化后的 Vertex 状态，用于提供新的数据
+     */
+    public void updateVertex(ModelPart caller, Vertex oldVertexObj, Vertex newVertexObj) {
+        if (newVertexObj == null || newVertexObj.getName() == null || oldVertexObj == null || oldVertexObj.getName() == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        boolean updatedExisting = false;
+        for (int i = 0; i < oldValues.size(); i++) {
+            Parameter existingParameter = oldValues.get(i);
+            if (existingParameter.modelPart().equals(caller)) {
+                List<Object> values = existingParameter.value();
+                for (int j = 0; j < values.size(); j++) {
+                    if (!"meshVertices".equals(existingParameter.paramId().get(j))) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    Object value = values.get(j);
+                    if (!(value instanceof Map)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+                    Map<String, Object> payload = (Map<String, Object>) value;
+                    String storedVertexId = (String) payload.get("id");
+                    float[] storedPosition = (float[]) payload.get("Vertex");
+                    if (!Objects.equals(storedVertexId, oldVertexObj.getName())) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if (storedPosition == null || storedPosition.length != 2) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    final float epsilon = 1e-5f;
+                    boolean positionMatches = Math.abs(storedPosition[0] - oldVertexObj.position.x) < epsilon &&
+                            Math.abs(storedPosition[1] - oldVertexObj.position.y) < epsilon;
+                    if (positionMatches) {
+                        logger.debug("在{}关键帧中找到原来匹配的顶点（ID:{}）并执行原地更新。", existingParameter.keyframe().get(j), oldVertexObj.getName());
+                        Map<String, Object> newVertexUpdatePayload = Map.of(
+                                "id", newVertexObj.getName(),
+                                "Vertex", new float[]{newVertexObj.position.x, newVertexObj.position.y}
+                        );
+                        List<Object> newValues = new ArrayList<>(values);
+                        newValues.set(j, newVertexUpdatePayload);
+                        Parameter updatedParameter = new Parameter(
+                                existingParameter.modelPart(),
+                                new ArrayList<>(existingParameter.animationParameter()),
+                                new ArrayList<>(existingParameter.paramId()),
+                                newValues,
+                                new ArrayList<>(existingParameter.keyframe()),
+                                new ArrayList<>(existingParameter.isKeyframe())
+                        );
+                        oldValues.set(i, updatedParameter);
+                        updatedExisting = true;
+                        // break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (updatedExisting) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
     public static ParametersManagement getInstance(ParametersPanel parametersPanel) {
         String managementFilePath = parametersPanel.getRenderPanel().getGlContextManager().getModelPath() + ".data";
         File managementFile = new File(managementFilePath);
@@ -137,16 +228,15 @@ public class ParametersManagement {
      * @param paramId 参数id
      * @param value 最终值
      */
-    public void broadcast(ModelPart modelPart, String paramId, Object value) {
+    public void broadcast(ModelPart modelPart, String paramId, Object value, Float specifiedKeyframe) {
         if (getSelectParameter() == null) {
             return;
         }
         AnimationParameter currentAnimParam = getSelectParameter();
-        Float currentKeyframe = getSelectedKeyframe(false);
-        if (currentKeyframe == null) {
+        if (specifiedKeyframe == null) {
             return;
         }
-        boolean isKeyframe = currentAnimParam.getKeyframes().contains(currentKeyframe);
+        boolean isKeyframe = currentAnimParam.getKeyframes().contains(specifiedKeyframe);
         String newId = null;
         if (paramId.equals("meshVertices") && value instanceof Map) {
             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@@ -164,13 +254,15 @@ public class ParametersManagement {
                 List<Object> newValues = new ArrayList<>(existingParameter.value());
                 List<Float> newKeyframes = new ArrayList<>(existingParameter.keyframe());
                 List<Boolean> newIsKeyframes = new ArrayList<>(existingParameter.isKeyframe());
+
                 int existingIndex = -1;
                 for (int j = 0; j < newKeyframes.size(); j++) {
-                    boolean keyframeMatches = Objects.equals(newKeyframes.get(j), currentKeyframe);
+                    boolean keyframeMatches = Objects.equals(newKeyframes.get(j), specifiedKeyframe);
                     boolean paramIdMatches = paramId.equals(newParamIds.get(j));
                     AnimationParameter recordAnimParam = newAnimationParameters.get(j);
                     boolean animParamMatches = recordAnimParam != null && recordAnimParam.equals(currentAnimParam);
                     boolean idMatches = true;
+
                     if (paramIdMatches && paramId.equals("meshVertices")) {
                         Object oldValue = newValues.get(j);
                         if (oldValue instanceof Map) {
@@ -183,36 +275,46 @@ public class ParametersManagement {
                             idMatches = false;
                         }
                     }
+
                     if (keyframeMatches && paramIdMatches && animParamMatches && idMatches) {
                         existingIndex = j;
                         break;
                     }
                 }
+
                 if (existingIndex != -1) {
                     newValues.set(existingIndex, value);
                 } else {
                     newAnimationParameters.add(currentAnimParam);
                     newParamIds.add(paramId);
                     newValues.add(value);
-                    newKeyframes.add(currentKeyframe);
+                    newKeyframes.add(specifiedKeyframe);
                     newIsKeyframes.add(isKeyframe);
                 }
+
                 Parameter updatedParameter = new Parameter(modelPart, newAnimationParameters, newParamIds, newValues, newKeyframes, newIsKeyframes);
                 oldValues.set(i, updatedParameter);
                 return;
             }
         }
+
+        // 如果没有找到现有的参数记录，创建新的
         Parameter parameter = new Parameter(
                 modelPart,
                 Collections.singletonList(currentAnimParam),
                 Collections.singletonList(paramId),
                 Collections.singletonList(value),
-                Collections.singletonList(currentKeyframe),
+                Collections.singletonList(specifiedKeyframe),
                 Collections.singletonList(isKeyframe)
         );
         oldValues.add(parameter);
     }
 
+    public void broadcast(ModelPart modelPart, String paramId, Object value) {
+        Float currentKeyframe = getSelectedKeyframe(false);
+        broadcast(modelPart, paramId, value, currentKeyframe);
+    }
+
     /**
      * 移除特定参数
      * @param modelPart 部件
@@ -321,7 +423,7 @@ public class ParametersManagement {
                 }
                 sb.append(String.format("{ID=%s, V=%s, KF=%s, IsKF=%b}",
                         id,
-                        String.valueOf(val),
+                        val,
                         kf != null ? String.valueOf(kf) : "null",
                         isKf));
             }

src/main/java/com/chuangzhou/vivid2D/render/awt/tools/SelectionTool.java

@@ -1254,38 +1254,8 @@ public class SelectionTool extends Tool {
         updateMeshVertices(hoveredMesh);
     }
 
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     public void updateMeshVertices(Mesh2D mesh) {
-        if (mesh == null){
-            return;
-        }
-        ParametersManagement.Parameter param = renderPanel.getParametersManagement().getValue(mesh.getModelPart(), "meshVertices");
-        if (param == null || param.value().isEmpty() || param.keyframe().isEmpty()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        List<Object> paramValue = param.value();
-        for (Object keyframeDataObject : paramValue) {
-            if (!(keyframeDataObject instanceof Map)) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            Map<String, Object> keyframeData = (Map<String, Object>) keyframeDataObject;
-            Object idObject = keyframeData.get("id");
-            if (!(idObject instanceof String vertexIdInMap)) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            for (Vertex vertex : mesh.getActiveVertexList()) {
-                if (vertex == null || vertex.getName() == null) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                if (vertexIdInMap.equals(vertex.getName())) {
-                    Map<String, Object> vertexUpdatePayload = Map.of(
-                            "id", vertex.getName(),
-                            "Vertex", new float[]{vertex.position.x, vertex.position.y}
-                    );
-                    renderPanel.getParametersManagement().broadcast(mesh.getModelPart(), "meshVertices", vertexUpdatePayload);
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        //
     }
 
     /**

src/main/java/com/chuangzhou/vivid2D/render/model/Mesh2D.java

@@ -1542,13 +1542,11 @@ public class Mesh2D {
 
         // 选中框绘制（需要切换到固色 shader）
         if (selected && !isRenderVertices) {
+            RenderSystem.pushState();
             RenderSystem.enableBlend();
             RenderSystem.blendFunc(GL11.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL11.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
-
-            RenderSystem.pushState();
             try {
                 setSolidShader(modelMatrix);
-
                 if (isInMultiSelection()) {
                     drawMultiSelectionBox();
                 } else {
@@ -1563,54 +1561,64 @@ public class Mesh2D {
 
         if (isSuspension && !selected) {
             RenderSystem.pushState();
-
             setSolidShader(modelMatrix);
-
             RenderSystem.enableBlend();
             RenderSystem.blendFunc(GL11.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL11.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
 
             Tesselator t = Tesselator.getInstance();
             BufferBuilder bb = t.getBuilder();
-
             BoundingBox bbox = getBounds();
-            if (bbox != null && bbox.isValid()) {
-                bb.begin(GL11.GL_LINE_LOOP, 4);
+            float zoom = ModelRender.getCamera().getZoom();
+
+            if (bbox != null && bbox.isValid() && zoom > 1e-6f) {
+
+                // --- 1. 定义所有元素的期望“像素”尺寸 ---
+                final float PIXEL_BORDER_THICKNESS = 1.5f;
+                final float PIXEL_BOX_OFFSET_Y = 8.0f;      // 提示框距离物体顶部的垂直像素距离
+                final float PIXEL_FONT_SIZE_BASE = 14.0f;
+                final float PIXEL_LINE_HEIGHT = 18.0f;
+                final float PIXEL_PADDING = 5.0f;           // 文本背景框的内边距
+
+                // --- 2. 根据 zoom 计算出在“世界坐标”中应有的大小 ---
+                float worldBorderThickness = PIXEL_BORDER_THICKNESS / zoom;
+                float worldBoxOffsetY = PIXEL_BOX_OFFSET_Y / zoom;
+                float worldLineHeight = PIXEL_LINE_HEIGHT / zoom;
+                float worldPadding = PIXEL_PADDING / zoom;
+                float textScale = (PIXEL_FONT_SIZE_BASE / 14.0f) / zoom;
+
+                // --- 3. 绘制动态厚度的红色悬停边框 ---
+                bb.begin(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, 4 * 6);
                 bb.setColor(new Vector4f(1f, 0f, 0f, 1f));
-                bb.vertex(bbox.getMinX(), bbox.getMinY(), 0f, 0f);
-                bb.vertex(bbox.getMaxX(), bbox.getMinY(), 0f, 0f);
-                bb.vertex(bbox.getMaxX(), bbox.getMaxY(), 0f, 0f);
-                bb.vertex(bbox.getMinX(), bbox.getMaxY(), 0f, 0f);
+                MultiSelectionBoxRenderer.addQuadLine(bb, bbox.getMinX(), bbox.getMinY(), bbox.getMaxX(), bbox.getMinY(), worldBorderThickness);
+                MultiSelectionBoxRenderer.addQuadLine(bb, bbox.getMaxX(), bbox.getMinY(), bbox.getMaxX(), bbox.getMaxY(), worldBorderThickness);
+                MultiSelectionBoxRenderer.addQuadLine(bb, bbox.getMaxX(), bbox.getMaxY(), bbox.getMinX(), bbox.getMaxY(), worldBorderThickness);
+                MultiSelectionBoxRenderer.addQuadLine(bb, bbox.getMinX(), bbox.getMaxY(), bbox.getMinX(), bbox.getMinY(), worldBorderThickness);
                 t.end();
 
+                // --- 4. 计算文本布局 ---
                 String hoverText = getName();
-                float textX = bbox.getMaxX() + 5f;
-                float textY = bbox.getMaxY();
-                Vector4f bgColor = new Vector4f(1f, 0f, 0f, 0.8f);
-                Vector4f fgColor = new Vector4f(1f, 1f, 1f, 1f);
-
-                float lineHeight = 18f;
-
                 List<String> lines = splitLines(hoverText, 30);
-
-                float textHeight = lines.size() * lineHeight;
-                float textWidth = 0f;
+                float maxTextWidth = 0f;
                 for (String line : lines) {
-                    textWidth = Math.max(textWidth, ModelRender.getTextRenderer().getTextWidth(line));
+                    maxTextWidth = Math.max(maxTextWidth, ModelRender.getTextRenderer().getTextWidth(line) * textScale);
                 }
-
+                float totalTextHeight = (lines.size() -1) * worldLineHeight;
+                float boxX = bbox.getCenterX() - (maxTextWidth / 2f);
+                float boxY = bbox.getMaxY() + worldBoxOffsetY;
+                Vector4f bgColor = new Vector4f(1f, 0f, 0f, 0.8f);
                 bb.begin(GL11.GL_TRIANGLES, 6);
                 bb.setColor(bgColor);
-                bb.vertex(textX, textY, 0f, 0f);
-                bb.vertex(textX + textWidth, textY, 0f, 0f);
-                bb.vertex(textX + textWidth, textY + textHeight, 0f, 0f);
-                bb.vertex(textX + textWidth, textY + textHeight, 0f, 0f);
-                bb.vertex(textX, textY + textHeight, 0f, 0f);
-                bb.vertex(textX, textY, 0f, 0f);
+                float bgX0 = boxX - worldPadding;
+                float bgY0 = boxY - worldPadding;
+                float bgX1 = boxX + maxTextWidth + worldPadding;
+                float bgY1 = boxY + totalTextHeight + worldPadding + worldLineHeight;
+                MultiSelectionBoxRenderer.addFilledQuad(bb, bgX0, bgY0, bgX1, bgY1);
                 t.end();
-
+                Vector4f fgColor = new Vector4f(1f, 1f, 1f, 1f);
                 for (int i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++) {
                     String line = lines.get(i);
-                    ModelRender.renderText(line, textX, textY + (i + 1) * lineHeight - 5, fgColor);
+                    float lineY = boxY + (lines.size() - 1 - i) * worldLineHeight;
+                    ModelRender.renderText(line, boxX, lineY + 30.0f, fgColor, textScale);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1667,7 +1675,7 @@ public class Mesh2D {
 
     private void drawSelectBox() {
         BoundingBox bounds = getBounds();
-        MultiSelectionBoxRenderer.drawSelectBox(bounds, pivot);
+        MultiSelectionBoxRenderer.drawSelectBox(bounds, pivot, ModelRender.getCamera().getZoom());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1776,7 +1784,7 @@ public class Mesh2D {
      */
     private void drawMultiSelectionBox() {
         BoundingBox multiBounds = getMultiSelectionBounds();
-        MultiSelectionBoxRenderer.drawMultiSelectionBox(multiBounds);
+        MultiSelectionBoxRenderer.drawMultiSelectionBox(multiBounds,ModelRender.getCamera().getZoom());
     }
 
     /**

src/main/java/com/chuangzhou/vivid2D/render/model/ModelPart.java

@@ -1608,9 +1608,18 @@ public class ModelPart {
         for (Mesh2D mesh : meshes) {
             if (mesh == null) continue;
             for (Vertex vertex : mesh.getActiveVertexList()) {
+                Vertex oldVertexCopy = vertex.copy();
                 Vector2f localPoint = vertex.originalPosition;
                 Vector2f worldPoint = Matrix3fUtils.transformPoint(this.worldTransform, localPoint);
                 vertex.position.set(worldPoint);
+                Map<String, Object> eventPayload = new HashMap<>();
+                eventPayload.put("caller", this);
+                eventPayload.put("oldVertex", oldVertexCopy);
+                eventPayload.put("newVertex", vertex);
+                for (ModelEvent event : events) {
+                    if (event != null)
+                        event.trigger("vertex", eventPayload);
+                }
             }
             mesh.markDirty();
         }

src/main/java/com/chuangzhou/vivid2D/render/model/util/BoundingBox.java

@@ -630,4 +630,20 @@ public class BoundingBox {
     public BoundingBox copy() {
         return new BoundingBox(this);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取包围盒的中心点 X 坐标。
+     * @return 中心点的 X 坐标
+     */
+    public float getCenterX() {
+        return (this.minX + this.maxX) * 0.5f;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取包围盒的中心点 Y 坐标。
+     * @return 中心点的 Y 坐标
+     */
+    public float getCenterY() {
+        return (this.minY + this.maxY) * 0.5f;
+    }
 }

src/main/java/com/chuangzhou/vivid2D/render/systems/sources/def/TextShader.java

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import com.chuangzhou.vivid2D.render.systems.sources.ShaderProgram;
 import org.joml.Vector4f;
 
 /**
- * 文本着色器
+ * 文本着色器 (已修正并与渲染引擎兼容)
  *
  * @author tzdwindows 7
  */
@@ -14,11 +14,6 @@ public class TextShader implements CompleteShader {
 
     private final VertexShader vertexShader = new VertexShader();
     private final FragmentShader fragmentShader = new FragmentShader();
-    private final Vector4f color = new Vector4f(1, 1, 1, 1);
-
-    public void setColor(Vector4f color) {
-        this.color.set(color);
-    }
 
     @Override
     public Shader getVertexShader() {
@@ -42,12 +37,11 @@ public class TextShader implements CompleteShader {
 
     @Override
     public void setDefaultUniforms(ShaderProgram program) {
-        // 传递颜色 uniform
-        program.setUniform4f("uColor", color.x, color.y, color.z, color.w);
-        // 纹理通常绑定到0号纹理单元
+        program.setUniform4f("uColor", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
         program.setUniform1i("uTexture", 0);
     }
 
+    // --- Vertex Shader (已适配 mat3 和 uCameraZ) ---
     private static class VertexShader implements Shader {
         @Override
         public String getShaderCode() {
@@ -56,12 +50,18 @@ public class TextShader implements CompleteShader {
                     layout(location = 0) in vec2 aPosition;
                     layout(location = 1) in vec2 aTexCoord;
 
+                    uniform mat3 uModelMatrix;
+                    uniform mat3 uViewMatrix;
                     uniform mat3 uProjectionMatrix;
+                    
+                    uniform float uCameraZ;
 
                     out vec2 vTexCoord;
 
                     void main() {
-                        vec3 p = uProjectionMatrix * vec3(aPosition, 1.0);
+                        vec3 p = uProjectionMatrix * uViewMatrix * uModelMatrix * vec3(aPosition, 1.0);
+                        
+                        // 输出为 gl_Position (vec4)
                         gl_Position = vec4(p.xy, 0.0, 1.0);
                         vTexCoord = aTexCoord;
                     }
@@ -86,9 +86,11 @@ public class TextShader implements CompleteShader {
                     uniform vec4 uColor;
 
                     void main() {
-                        // 使用 .r 通道读取单通道纹理
                         float alpha = texture(uTexture, vTexCoord).r;
                         FragColor = vec4(uColor.rgb, uColor.a * alpha);
+                        if (FragColor.a < 0.01) {
+                            discard;
+                        }
                     }
                     """;
         }
@@ -98,4 +100,4 @@ public class TextShader implements CompleteShader {
             return "TextFragmentShader";
         }
     }
-}
+}